[Spring] 컨테이너에 등록된 스프링 Bean 조회하기 [getBean() 메서드를 활용한 스프링 빈 조회]

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- 컨테이너에 등록된 스프링 Bean 조회하기

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

// 스프링 컨테이너에서 스프링 빈을 찾는 가장 기본적인 조회 방법
ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);

// 타입만으로도 빈 조회가 가능하다.
ac.getBean(MemberService.class);

// 스프링에 등록된 모든 빈 이름을 조회한다.
ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();

// 해당 타입의 모든 빈을 조회한다. Map 형태로 반환
ac.getBeansOfType();

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- ApplicationContextInfoTest.java

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

class ApplicationContextInfoTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("모든 빈 출력하기")
    void findAllBean() {
        String[] beanDefinitionNames = ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String beanDefinitionName : beanDefinitionNames) {
            Object bean = ac.getBean(beanDefinitionName);
            System.out.println("name = " + beanDefinitionName + " object = " + bean);
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("애플리케이션 빈 출력하기")
    void findApplicationBean() {
        String[] beanDefinitionNames = ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String beanDefinitionName : beanDefinitionNames) {
            BeanDefinition beanDefinition = ac.getBeanDefinition(beanDefinitionName);

            //Role ROLE_APPLICATION: 직접 등록한 애플리케이션 빈
            //Role ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE: 스프링이 내부에서 사용하는 빈
            if(beanDefinition.getRole() == BeanDefinition.ROLE_APPLICATION) {
                Object bean = ac.getBean(beanDefinitionName);
                System.out.println("name = " + beanDefinitionName + " object = " + bean);
            }
        }
    }
}

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모든 빈 출력하기 실행 결과

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Bean 조회 시, 조회하려는 Bean의 이름이 없을 경우 NoSuchBeanDefinitionException이 발생한다.

"xxxxx"라는 이름의 빈이 없어 NoSuchBeanDefinitionException 발생

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- ApplicationContextBasicFindTest.java

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

class ApplicationContextBasicFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
    
    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
//        System.out.println("memberService = " + memberService);
//        System.out.println("memberService.getClass() = " + memberService.getClass());
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberService.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("이름 없이 타입으로만 조회")
    void findBeanByType() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberService.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("구체 타입으로 조회")
    void findBeanByName2() {
        MemberService memberService = ac.getBean("memberService", MemberServiceImpl.class);
        assertThat(memberService).isInstanceOf(MemberService.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("빈 이름으로 조회X")
    void findBeanByNameX() {
//        MemberService xxxxx = ac.getBean("xxxxx", MemberService.class);
        assertThrows(NoSuchBeanDefinitionException.class,
                () -> ac.getBean("xxxxx", MemberService.class));
    }
}

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같은 타입의 스프링 빈이 둘 이상이면 오류가 발생한다. (NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException)
이때는 빈 이름을 지정해야 한다.

중복된 타입으로 인해 NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException 발생

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- ApplicationContextSameBeanFindTest.java

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import hello.core.member.Member;
import hello.core.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.core.member.MemoryMemberRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.Map;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class ApplicationContextSameBeanFindTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SameBeanConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("타입으로 조회시 같은 타입이 둘 이상 있으면, 중복 오류가 발생한다")
    void findBeanByTypeDuplicate() {
//        MemberRepository bean = ac.getBean(MemberRepository.class);
        assertThrows(NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException.class,
                () -> ac.getBean(MemberRepository.class));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("타입으로 조회시 같은 타입이 둘 이상 있으면, 빈 이름을 지정하면 된다")
    void findBeanByName() {
        MemberRepository memberRepository = ac.getBean("memberRepository1", MemberRepository.class);
        assertThat(memberRepository).isInstanceOf(MemberRepository.class);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("특정 타입을 모두 조회하기")
    void findAllBeanByType() {
        Map<String, MemberRepository> beansOfType = ac.getBeansOfType(MemberRepository.class);
        for (String key : beansOfType.keySet()) {
            System.out.println("key = " + key + " value = " + beansOfType.get(key));
        }
        System.out.println("beansOfType = " + beansOfType);
        assertThat(beansOfType.size()).isEqualTo(2);
    }

    @Configuration
    static class SameBeanConfig {

        @Bean
        public MemberRepository memberRepository1() {
            return new MemoryMemberRepository();
        }

        @Bean
        public MemberRepository memberRepository2() {
            return new MemoryMemberRepository();
        }
    }
}

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- 참고자료

스프링 핵심 원리 - 기본편 - 인프런 | 강의

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